Duty cycle translator with solenoid modeling circuit for adaptive braking system

ABSTRACT

An adaptive braking system for a vehicle having fluid pressure operated brakes includes a skid detecting circuit for generating a skid detecting signal when an incipient skidding condition is detected, a pressure command generator which is responsive to the skid detecting signal for generating a pressure command signal, and a duty cycle translator responsive to the pressure command signal to actuate the brake pressure modulator. The duty cycle translator includes a circuit which generates a signal modeling the actual pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators. Since the modulator is actuated by a solenoid which is powered by the vehicle electrical supply, the opening and closing times of the solenoid will vary as a function of the power output of the vehicle power supply, which can vary over a substantial range depending upon ambient temperature and upon the strength of the vehicle battery. Accordingly, the duty cycle translator includes a circuit which models the opening and closing times of the solenoid actuators and the reaction time of the mechanical valve components to thereby more closely model the actual pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an adaptive braking system for a fluid pressure operated vehicle braking system.

Governmental regulations for vehicles having brakes operated by air pressure require rapid brake actuation response during brake application and consequently require components which have relatively large fluid pressure flow rates. Although these high fluid pressure flow rates are desirable during normal brake operation, they are undesirable when adaptive control of the vehicle brakes is necessary, since the relatively high flow rates during brake pressure increase cycles of the adaptive braking system may cause the vehicle's brakes to cause the wheels to lock, thereby extending the stopping distance, because the adaptive braking system cannot respond quickly enough to prevent wheel lock in braking systems with the aforementioned high pressure flow rates. Accordingly, it is desirable to limit the brake pressure increase during pressure increasing cycles when the vehicle's brakes are controlled by the vehicle adaptive braking system. Prior art adaptive braking systems have overcome this problem by employing a duty cycle translator which converts a brake pressure control signal into a prescribed duty cycle for a solenoid actuated valve which is a part of the modulating relay valve controlling communication to the brake actuators. In this type of system, the solenoid is operated at a sufficiently high frequency that the duty cycle is integrated into a steady state pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators. Unfortunately, these types of systems are characterized by their slow response, which is detrimental to good adaptive braking performance, because they are open-loop systems. Theoretically, this defect may be cured by providing a pressure feedback signal by locating a pressure transducer in the modulating relay valve or brake pressure actuators and by comparing the signal generated by the transducer to the brake pressure control signal. However, pressure transducers increase system cost substantially, and complicate installation problems.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,083 (Latvala et al), owned by the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, discloses an adaptive braking system having a duty cycle translator which also includes a pseudo-feedback signal generating circuit which generates a feedback signal approximating the brake pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators without direct measurement of this pressure level. Clearly, the response time of any adaptive braking system includes the opening and closing times of the solenoid actuators used to control pressure communication to the vehicle brakes. However, these solenoids are operated by power from the vehicle electrical system, the voltage of which may vary over a relatively wide range depending upon condition of vehicle battery, condition of the charging system, electrical load, ambient temperature conditions, etc. Also these solenoids operate at various fluid pressure levels. The present invention discloses an improvement of the invention disclosed in the Latvala et al patent discussed hereinabove, in which the pseudo-feedback circuit includes circuits which model the opening and closing times of the solenoid actuators, which includes a circuit which models the time delays due to current build-up and relay in the solenoid coil and further includes a circuit which models the time delays due to pressure levels at the solenoid. Consequently, the adaptive braking system disclosed herein generates a pseudo-feedback signal which approximates the brake pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators very accurately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an important object of our invention is to provide a vehicle adaptive braking system which includes a duty cycle translator having a pseudo-pressure feedback signal so that the duty cycle translator is able to accurately control the pressure level in the vehicle brake actuators.

Another important object of our invention is to provide an adaptive braking system having a duty cycle translator which uses a pseudo-pressure feedback signal which is generated as a function of the voltage level supplied to the solenoid actuators which control communication to the vehicle brakes.

Another important object of our invention is to provide an adaptive braking system having a duty cycle translator which uses a pseudo-pressure feedback signal to approximate braking pressure when the pseudo-pressure feedback signal is generated as a function of the response times of the solenoid actuators controlling communication to the vehicle brakes.

Still another important object of our invention is to provide a pseudo-feedback signal generating circuit for an adaptive braking system which compensates for changes in response time due to variations in the pressure level at the solenoid actuators which control communication to the vehicle brakes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an adaptive braking system made pursuant to the teachings of our present invention;

FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic illustration of a portion of the adaptive braking system illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the values of the various signals generated within the circuit illustrated in FIG. 2 at various times during the operation of the adaptive braking system; and

FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphical representations of the signal values generated by the model reference generator used in the adaptive braking system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the drawings, an adaptive braking system generally indicated by the numeral 10 includes a conventional wheel speed sensor 12 which is responsive to rotation of a vehicle wheel 14 to generate a speed signal which is a function of the rotational velocity of the wheel 14. The speed signal generated by the sensor 12 is transmitted to a skid detecting circuit generally indicated by the numeral 16. The skid detecting circuit may be of any type well known to those skilled in the art which is responsive to the speed signal generated by the sensor 12 to determine when an incipient skidding condition exists. For example, the skid detecting circuit 16 may be made pursuant to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 3,804,470, owned by the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. Clearly, two or more sensors 12 sensing the wheel speed of different ones of the vehicle wheels may be connected through the appropriate selecting circuit to feed a single skid detecting circuit 16 without departing from the scope of this invention. The skid detecting circuit 16 generates a signal on the output terminal thereof when an incipient skidding condition exists and terminates this signal when the incipient skidding condition terminates. The skid detecting signal is transmitted to the input terminal of the circuit 18 illustrated in FIG. 2, which is responsive to the skid detecting signal to generate a brake pressure control signal which controls the solenoid actuator 20, which is a part of the modulating relay valve generally indicated by the numeral 22. The modulating relay valve 22 controls communication between the vehicle fluid pressure supply (not shown) and the brake actuators 24, to thereby release the fluid pressure level in the brake actuators when an incipient skidding condition exists, and to control brake pressure increase when the incipient skidding condition is terminated.

Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawings, the inverting terminal 26 of an operational amplifier 28 is connected to the output of the terminal of the skid detecting circuit 16. The other terminal 30 of the operational amplifier 28 is connected to a predetermined voltage level established by voltage dividing resistors 32, 34, and 36 which are connected between the ground line 44 and a regulated voltage on line 38 generated by voltage regulator 40 and the vehicle electrical system 42. A capacitor 46 is connected around the operational amplifier 28, so that the operational amplifier 28, resistor 116, and capacitor 46 constitute an integrating circuit comprising the pressure command generator enclosed within the dash lines generally indicated by the numeral 48. As will be evident to those skilled in the art, the operational amplifier 28 and capacitor 46 generate a downwardly ramping signal when the value of the signal on the terminal 26 exceeds that on the terminal 30, and generate an upwardly ramping signal when the value of the signal on terminal 26 is less than the value of the signal on terminal 30. However, a resistor 50 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 46, and is switched into the circuit by a switching transistor generally indicated by the numeral 52. When the resistor 50 is switched into the circuit, the capacitor 46 is ineffective, and the operational amplifier 28 acts as a simple voltage follower. This output signal is equal in value to the reference signal on terminal 30. The switching transistor 52 is controlled by the initial condition/termination logic generally indicated by the numeral 54, which will be described in detail hereinafter. However, in general, the resistor 50 will be switched into the circuit at all times other than when the vehicle's braking system is controlled by the adaptive braking mechanism.

The output of the pressure command generator 48 is transmitted to the inverting input terminal 56 of a duty cycle comparator 58. The other terminal 60 of the comparator 58 is connected to the output of the model reference generator generally indicated by the numeral 62, which models the brake pressure in the vehicle brake actuators and which generates an output signal proportional thereto which is transmitted to the terminal 60. Details of the construction and operation of the model reference generator 62 will be described in detail hereinafter. The duty cycle comparator 58 generates an output signal whenever the value of the signal on the terminal 60 is greater than that on the terminal 56. This output signal is transmitted to the solenoid driver circuit generally indicated by the numeral 63.

The solenoid driver circuit 63 includes a predriver transistor 64, the base of which is connected through resistor 65 to the output of the operational amplifier 58 so that, when the operational amplifier 58 generates an output signal, the transistor 64 is turned on, thereby completing the circuit between power line 66, which is connected to terminal 68 of the solenoid 20 and to the ground line 44. The base electrode of transistor 64 is also connected directly to the terminal of skid detecting circuit 16, so that transistor 64 also turns on whenever a skid detecting signal is generated. When transistor 64 turns on, preamplifier transistor 72 also turns on, which actuates transistor 74 to connect the ground line 44 with terminal 73 of the solenoid 20. Consequently, the solenoid 20 turns on to initiate a brake pressure decrease when the duty cycle comparator 58 generates an output signal or when a skid detecting signal is generated.

The signal transmitted to the base electrode of transistor 64 is also connected to the positive terminal 76 of a comparator 78 which is a part of the initial condition/termination logic generally indicated by the numeral 54. The inverting terminal 80 of the comparator 78 is connected to a fixed voltage level established by voltage dividing resistors 82 and 84. Consequently, whenever the value of the signal on the terminal 76 exceeds the value on the terminal 80, the comparator 78 generates an output signal which is transmitted to transistor 52 to turn the latter off to switch the resistor 50 out of the circuit. The signal on terminal 76 is also used to charge capacitor 83, and a diode 85 is provided to prevent the signals in the initial condition/termination logic 52 from affecting the solenoid driver circuit 62. A discharge circuit consisting of a resistor 87 is provided for the capacitor 83, and the values of the capacitor 83 and resistor 87 are such that the time constant of the capacitor 83 is several seconds, which is far greater than the maximum time between commands turning on the solenoid 20 during adaptive control of the vehicle brakes. Therefore, once the solenoid 20 is turned on when adaptive control of the vehicle's brakes is initiated, the capacitor 83 holds terminal 76 higher than terminal 80 until several seconds after control is no longer necessary.

The model reference generator generally indicated by the numeral 62 will now be described in detail. The generator 62 includes a capacitor 86 which is connected through resistor 89 to the solenoid predriver transistor 72 and to ground line 44. Consequently, when the transistor 72 turns on when the duty cycle comparator 58 generates an output signal, the capacitor 86 will be charged by the voltage on line 66, which is the same voltage that electrically actuates the solenoid. Since the line 66 is connected directly to the vehicle electrical system 42, the voltage charging capacitor 86 will vary depending upon the condition of the electrical system. Consequently, on a warm day with a new battery the capacitor 86 will charge reasonably quickly, as indicated by curve A on FIG. 4. However, on a cold day with an older battery, so that the voltage level in 66 is reduced, the capacity 86 will charge more slowly, as represented by curve B on FIG. 4. Since the same voltage also electrically actuates the solenoid, the time required for the current in the solenoid coil to build to a level sufficient to move the armature will also vary as a function of the voltage on line 66. Consequently, the time required to charge capacitor 86 to a predetermined level models the time required to electrically actuate the solenoid. Capacitor 86 is connected to the inverting terminal 88 of a comparator 90, the positive terminal 92 of which is connected to a reference voltage established by the voltage dividing resistors 94 and 96. The voltage level on terminal 92 also varies with the output of the pressure command generator, which is transmitted to the terminal 92 through the resistor 98. Therefore, the voltage level transmitted to terminal 92 will be increased at high pressure command levels generated by the command generator 48, and will be reduced at low pressure command levels generated by the pressure command generator 48. Consequently, the model reference generator 62, in addition to compensating for the opening and closing times of the solenoid due to variations in voltage, also compensates for the difference in solenoid response times caused by the differences in pressure levels at the solenoid. Therefore, again referring to FIG. 4, when the pressure level as commanded by the pressure command generator 48 is relatively high, comparator 90 compares the voltage across the capacitor 86 with a higher reference value represented by V'_(Ref). At a lower commanded pressure level, comparator 90 compares the voltage across the capacitor 86 with a lower pressure level represented by V_(Ref). Therefore, the comparator 90 will turn on much more quickly, as illustrated by point X in FIG. 4, when a new battery is used and the commanded pressure level is relatively low, and more slowly when an older battery is used on a cold day and the commanded pressure level is relatively high, as illustrated by point Y of FIG. 4. Consequently, the output of comparator 90 accounts for variations in the reaction time of the solenoid due to the strength of the battery and due to the commanded pressure levels at the solenoid. The output of the comparator 90 charges a capacitor 100. The signal on this capacitor 100 is the pseudo-feedback signal which is transmitted to the input terminal 60 of the comparator 58. Therefore, the voltage across the capacitor 100 models the pressure level in the brake actuators quite closely.

In order to be accurate, it is necessary that the capacitor 86 be charged and discharged from the same level during each antiskid cycle. For this reason, field effect transistors 102, 104, 106, and 108 are connected in series between the supply line 38 and the ground line 44. The gate electrodes of the transistors 102 and 108 are connected to the transistor 64 so that transistor 102 turns on when the solenoid 20 is actuated and turned off when the solenoid is not actuated. Conversely, the transistor 108 turns on when the solenoid turns off, and turns off when the solenoid turns on. The gate electrodes of the transistors 104 and 106 are connected to the output of the model reference comparator 90. Therefore, transistor 104 turns on when the output of the comparator 90 is low and turns off when the output is high, and transistor 106 turns on when the comparator 90 is high and turns off when it is low. The common terminal between the transistor 104 and the transistor 106 is connected to the capacitor 86, so that the capacitor 86 will be connected directly to the voltage level on line 38 when the transistors 102 and 104 are both turned on, i.e., when the solenoid 20 is turned on and the output of the comparator 90 is low. Similarly, the capacitor 86 will be connected to a ground on line 34 when the transistors 106 and 108 are turned on, i.e., when the solenoid 20 is turned off and when the output of the comparator 90 is high.

The operation of the transistors 102, 104, 106, and 108 is illustrated graphically in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the V_(Ref) voltage level is the appropriate voltage level transmitted to the positive input terminal of the model reference comparator 90. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the capacitor 86 is charged exponentially, represented by the line segment M-N, after a command is transmitted to the solenoid driver 62 and before the comparator 90 switches. This segment represents the time delay in actuating the solenoid 20 after a command is transmitted to the solenoid driver 62. This time delay, as discussed hereinabove, is due to the time required for the current to build up in the solenoid coil, and is also due to the time delay inherent in the actuation of the mechanical components of the modulator, which is a function of the pressure level in the modulator. At time N in FIG. 5, transistors 102 and 104 are both on, thereby connecting the capacitor 86 directly to the voltage on the line 38. The capacitor 86 is then almost instantaneously charged to this voltage level, as represented by line segment N-O in FIG. 5. At time P in FIG. 5, the command to the solenoid driver 62 is removed, and the capacitor 86 decays exponentially in the time period P-Q on FIG. 5. This time delay represented by the discharge of the capacitor 86 is due to time delays required to release the solenoid, which are similar to the time delays required to actuate the solenoid described hereinabove. At time Q in FIG. 5, the comparator 90 switches, turning on the transistor 106 to connect the capacitor with the ground on line 44. Consequently, the capacitor 86 thereupon discharges almost instantaneously, as represented by line segment Q-R in FIG. 5, so that the capacitor 86 is ready to be charged again when a new command is transmitted to the solenoid driver circuit 62.

MODE OF OPERATION

When the skid detecting circuit 16 senses an incipient skidding condition of the vehicle wheels, circuit 16 generates an output signal which is transmitted directly to the base electrode of the transistor 64 in the solenoid driver circuit 62. This signal, as described hereinabove, turns on the solenoid 20 to effect a brake pressure reduction. At the same time, this signal is also transmitted to the positive input terminal 76 of comparator 78 in the initial condition/termination logic 54, since this terminal 76 is connected directly to the base electrode of the transistor 64. Since the value of the signal in the positive input terminal 76 of comparator 78 is now greater than the signal on the negative input terminal 80, comparator 78 generates an output signal which turns off the transistor 52, to thereby switch the resistor 50 out of the circuit. Before the transistor 52 is turned off, the operational amplifier 28 acts as a simple voltage follower, so that the signal on the output terminal thereof is equal to the reference signal applied to the positive input terminal 30 of the operational amplifier 28. Consequently, when the transistor 52 is turned off to switch the resistor 50 out of the circuit, the initial value of the pressure command generator is equal to the reference value on the input terminal 30. After resistor 50 is switched out of the circuit, the circuit 48 acts as an integrator. The negative terminal 26 of the operational amplifier 28, as discussed hereinabove, is also connected directly to the output terminal of the skid detecting circuit 16, so that when the transistor 64 is turned on, the signal transmitted to the negative input terminal 26 causes the output of the operational amplifier 28 to ramp downwardly. As illustrated graphically in FIG. 3, at time t₁ the skid detecting circuit generates an output circuit as illustrated by the uppermost graph in FIG. 3. As illustrated by the second graph in FIG. 3, the generation of the initial output signal of the skid detecting circuit 16 causes the output of comparator 78 to switch high and to remain high until adaptive control terminates, since the capacitor 83 is charged by the output signal generated by the skid detecting circuit. At time t₁, as represented by the third graph in FIG. 3, the output of the pressure command generator 48 ramps downwardly, as illustrated by line segment AB in FIG. 3. At time t₂, the output of the skid detecting circuit 16 terminates, indicating that the wheel is no longer in imminent danger of locking, so that a pressure build cycle may be initiated. When this occurs, the operational amplifier 28 switches, so that its output begins to ramp upwardly as indicated by line segment BC in FIG. 2. This operation of the pressure command generator continues for an indefinite number of cycles as illustrated in FIG. 3.

As described hereinabove, the signal on the capacitor 100 represents the actual pressure level in the brake actuators. The signal on the capacitor 100, as discussed hereinabove, is a function of the output of the pressure command generator which is a function of the desired or commanded pressure level in the vehicle's brake actuators, and also a function of the time delays required to open and close the solenoid.

After the initial command to the solenoid driver circuit 62 to thereby effect a brake pressure reduction, the capacitor 100 will continue to be charged, since the output of the comparator 90 will remain high until the value of the signal on the capacitor 86, which begins charging when the solenoid valve is actuated, becomes greater than the value of the signal on terminal 92. The comparator 90 then switches, thereby permitting the charge across the capacitor 100 to decrease, to thereby model the brake pressure reduction taking place when the solenoid valve is actuated. This time delay after generation of a signal commanding a brake pressure reduction before the charge on capacitor 100 decreases represents the aforementioned solenoid time delays required to actuate the modulator. As discussed hereinabove, the time period that the capacitor 100 continues to charge after the solenoid is actuated is represented by line segment MN in FIG. 5. Similarly, the capacitor 100 will continue to discharge for a time period after the command to the solenoid driver circuit is removed. This time delay is represented by line segment P-Q in FIG. 5. As discussed hereinabove, the time delays represented by line segments MN and PQ in FIG. 5 represent the times required for actuation and release of the solenoid. The value of the signal on the capacitor 100 is the pseudo-feedback signal approximating the brake pressure in the brake actuators and is represented by the solid line in the fourth graph of FIG. 3. The nominal value of the actual brake pressure is represented by the dashed line in this graph. The feedback signal is fed to the positive terminal of the duty cycle comparator 58, where it is compared with the output of the pressure command generator 48. On a build cycle, the output of the presence command generator ramps upwardly, as illustrated in the line B-C in the third curve on FIG. 3. The duty cycle translator compares this upwardly ramping signal with the signal across the capacitor 100, the pseudo-pressure feedback signal, and generates the signal actuating solenoid 20 so that pulsating commands, represented, as best illustrated in the lowermost graph of FIG. 3, to control the rate of brake pressure increase to that commanded by the output of the pressure command generator 48, which is less than what the brake pressure increase would be if uninhibited communication was permitted to the vehicle's brakes. As discussed hereinabove, this unlimited rate of brake pressure increase, due to the size requirements of the various components of the modulator 22 required by Federal regulations to provide a satisfactory response time when adaptive braking control is not required would permit the brakes to lock before the adaptive braking system has a chance to react if this uninhibited build rate were permitted during adaptive control of the vehicle's brakes.

There are instances, such as when the vehicle is operated on an extremely slippery surface such as glare ice, that a brake pressure increase cycle must be overridden when the skid detecting signal terminates. If a brake pressure increase were initiated at this time, the vehicle's wheels would lock before the adaptive braking system has a chance to react. Consequently, a delay is provided which is responsive to operation of the vehicle on this type of extremely slippery surface which prevents initiation of a brake pressure increase until the vehicle's brakes have a chance to further recover from the imminent locking condition which caused initiation of adaptive braking. This situation is illustrated in the time segment T5-T6 in FIG. 3. As illustrated in FIG. 3, during this time segment the output of the skid detecting circuit has remained on for an unusually long time, indicating operation of the vehicle on an extremely slippery surface. As indicated in the line segment DE, the output of the pressure command generator 48 has ramped downwardly to its lowest permissible point. Since all voltages in the logic schematic are positive, this lowest possible point is theoretically zero but actually is slightly higher than this level. As indicated at point E in curve C of FIG. 3, the output of the pressure command generator 48 has attained this lowest permissible value before the output of the skid detecting circuit 16 terminates. This continuation of the brake pressure decay cycle is represented by time segment t₆ -t₇ in FIG. 3. Since an input is still transmitted to the negative terminal 26 of operational amplifier 28, and since the output of the operational amplifier 28 can go no lower, the capacitor 46 charges at an exponential rate for as long as the output of the skid detecting circuit 16 remains. When the output of the skid detecting circuit terminates, the capacitor 46 discharges through the discharge network comprising resistors 112, 114 and 116. Even though the output signal of the skid detecting circuit terminates, the output of the pressure command generator 48 will not begin ramping upwardly until the capacitor 46 discharges to a level so that the value of the signal on terminal 26 is less than that on the terminal 30. Consequently, since brake pressure increase is controlled by the output of the pressure command generator, the brake pressure decay cycle will continue after termination of the output of the skid detecting circuit until the capacitor is discharged to the aforementioned level. This continuation of the brake pressure decay cycle is represented by time segment t₆ -t₇ in FIG. 3. Consequently, on very slippery roads, which cause the skid detecting circuit to generate an output signal for an unusually long time, the subsequent build cycle is delayed for a time period which is a function of the time period that the pressure command generator remains at its lowest value. Therefore, adaptive braking circuit 10 is inherently able to compensate for operation of the vehicle on these extremely slippery surfaces, which if normal adaptive control were permitted, would cause locking of the vehicle's wheels. 

We claim:
 1. In a vehicle having a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for controlling communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means for modeling the response time of the electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of the response time of said electrically actuated valve means modeled by said modeling means, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said modeling means including circuit means responsive to transmission of said control signal to said electrically actuated valve means to generate a modeled signal representing the current in said electrically actuated valve means, means for comparing said modeled signal with a reference signal to generate an output signal, and means responsive to said output signal for generating said feedback signal.
 2. The invention of claim 1;wherein said reference signal is a function of the value of said pressure command signal.
 3. The invention of claim 1:wherein said vehicle has a vehicle electric supply, and said modeled signal is generated by the voltage produced by said vehicle electric supply actuating said valve means whereby the time period required for the modeled signal to attain the value of the reference signal is a function of the voltage level generated by the vehicle electrical supply.
 4. The invention of claim 1:wherein said circuit means includes switching means for connecting said modeled signal with a regulated voltage level generated by the vehicle electrical supply when the value of the modeled signal attains the the value of the referenced signal.
 5. The invention of claim 1:wherein said brake pressure control signal generating means includes a first comparator comparing the pressure command signal with said feedback signal generating means, said feedback signal generating means including a second comparator for comparing a function of said pressure command signal with another signal, and means responsive to the output of the comparator for generating the feedback signal.
 6. The invention of claim 5:wherein said another signal is generated as a function of the voltage level actuating the electrically actuated valve means.
 7. The invention of claim 5:wherein said another signal is generated as a function of the time delay required to actuate said electrically actuated valve means after said control signal is generated.
 8. The invention of claim 5:wherein said last-mentioned means includes energy storage means which is charged and discharged as a function of the output of the second comparator.
 9. In a vehicle having a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for controlling communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means for modeling the response time of the electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of the response time of said electrically actuated valve means modeled by said modeling means, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said vehicle having a vehicle electrical supply, said modeling means including means responsive to the voltage level produced by said vehicle electrical supply actuating the electrically actuated valve means to adjust the value of said feedback signal for the delay in the response of said electrically actuated valve means until the current in the latter builds to a level actuating the electrically actuated valve means.
 10. In a vehicle having a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for controlling communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means for modeling the response time of the electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of the response time of said electrically actuated valve means modeled by said modeling means, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said vehicle having a vehicle electrical supply for supplying an actuating voltage to the electrically actuated valve means, said modeling means including means responsive to said brake pressure control signal, to the level of said actuating voltage, and to the value of said pressure command signal to adjust the value of said feedback signal.
 11. In a vehicle having a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for controlling communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means for modeling the response time of the electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of the response time of said electrically actuated valve means modeled by said modeling means, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said vehicle having a vehicle electrical supply for supplying an actuating voltage to said electrically actuated valve means, said feedback signal generating means including means responsive to said control signal for generating an intermediate signal the value of which increases at a rate dependent upon the magnitude of the actuating voltage, means for comparing the intermediate signal with a reference signal to generate an output signal when the values of the intermediate signal and the reference signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, and means for generating the feedback signal in response to the output signal.
 12. The invention of claim 11:and switch means responsive to the comparing means and to the control signal for equating said intermediate signal with a regulated voltage level generated by the vehicle voltage supply when the intermediate signal exceeds the reference signal and the control signal is generated.
 13. The invention of claim 11:and switch means responsive to the comparing means and to the control signal for grounding the intermediate signal when the intermediate signal drops below the reference signal during generation of the control signal to thereby reset said intermediate signal generating means.
 14. The invention of claim 11:wherein the intermediate signal is generated as a function of the pressure command signal.
 15. In a vehicle having a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for controlling communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means for modeling the response time of the electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of the response time of said electrically actuated valve means modeled by said modeling means, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said feedback signal generating means including means for generating an intermediate signal the value of which varies at a rate dependent upon the magnitude of the voltage level actuating the electrically actuated valve means, means comparing the intermediate signal with a reference signal, and means responsive to the comparing means for generating the feedback signal.
 16. In a vehicle having a vehicle electrical supply, a wheel, a brake controlling said wheel, and fluid pressure responsive means for actuating said brake, an adaptive braking system controlling communication to said fluid pressure responsive means comprising speed sensing means for generating a speed signal as a function of the rotational velocity of said vehicle wheel, means for generating a brake pressure control signal, and modulator means including electrically actuated valve means, means responsive to the brake pressure control signal for connecting said electrically actuated valve means with a voltage level provided by the vehicle electrical supply to actuate the electrically actuated valve means to control communication to the fluid pressure responsive means, said brake pressure control signal generating means including means responsive to said speed signal for generating a pressure command signal, means for generating a feedback signal as a function of said voltage level provided by the vehicle electrical supply, and means for comparing the feedback signal with the pressure command signal to generate said control signal when the feedback signal and the pressure command signal are in a predetermined relationship with one another, said voltage level provided by the electrical supply for generating the feedback signal being equal to that actuating the electrically actuated valve means.
 17. The invention of claim 16:wherein said feedback signal generating means is responsive to the time required for the voltage level to move the electrically actuated valve means between closed and open positions.
 18. The invention of claim 16:wherein the feedback signal generating means is dependent upon an intermediate signal the value of which varies at a rate dependent upon the magnitude of the voltage level actuating the electrically actuated valve means.
 19. The invention of claim 18:wherein the feedback signal generating means includes means comparing the intermediate signal with a reference signal, and means responsive to the comparing means for generating the feedback signal. 